CBD vs. THC: Finding Relief from Summer Pain

Summer in the UK brings longer days and more opportunities for activity, but for those living with chronic pain conditions like arthritis, neuropathic pain, and migraines, it can also present unique challenges. As you consider or use medical cannabis for pain relief, it’s essential to understand the different roles of its two primary cannabinoids: Cannabidiol (CBD) and Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Both have pain-relieving properties, but they work distinctly and are regulated differently in the UK.

What is CBD?

CBD is a non-intoxicating cannabinoid, meaning it will not produce the “high” associated with cannabis. It interacts with the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS) and other receptor systems in various ways:

• Anti-inflammatory: CBD is well-known for its potent anti-inflammatory properties, which can be particularly beneficial for pain linked to inflammation, such as certain types of arthritis.
• Modulates Pain Signals: While not directly binding to cannabinoid receptors in the same way as THC, CBD can influence pain signalling pathways, potentially reducing the perception of pain.
• Calming Effect: Many users report that CBD provides a calming and anxiolytic (anxiety-reducing) effect. This can be crucial for pain management, as anxiety often exacerbates pain perception.
• Sleep Support: By promoting relaxation and reducing anxiety, CBD can also contribute to improved sleep quality, which is vital for overall pain management and recovery.

Potential benefits for pain: CBD is often considered for general aches and pains, inflammation-related pain, and pain where anxiety or sleep disturbances play a significant role.

Availability in the UK: You can find both over-the-counter (non-medical) CBD products (e.g., oils, capsules, balms) in health stores and online, provided they contain less than 1mg of THC per container. However, the quality and regulation of these products can vary significantly. Prescription-grade CBD is also available via a medical cannabis specialist, which is subject to stricter quality controls and is intended for specific medical conditions.

What is THC?

THC is the primary psychoactive cannabinoid in cannabis, responsible for the “high” sensation. Beyond its recreational effects, THC offers significant therapeutic benefits:

• Direct Pain Relief: THC interacts directly with CB1 receptors in the brain and nervous system, playing a key role in reducing pain signals.
• Muscle Relaxation: THC can help reduce muscle spasticity and tension, which is beneficial for various chronic pain conditions.
• Sleep Aid: Its sedative properties can be very effective in promoting restful sleep, especially for those whose pain disrupts their sleep patterns.
• Appetite Stimulation & Nausea Reduction: While not directly pain-related, these effects can be beneficial for patients struggling with appetite loss or nausea due to their condition or other medications.

Potential benefits for pain: THC is often prescribed for more severe and persistent forms of chronic pain, including neuropathic pain, spasticity (e.g., in MS), and certain types of migraines.

Availability in the UK: THC-containing medical cannabis is strictly prescription-only in the UK. It can only be prescribed by a specialist doctor on the General Medical Council’s (GMC) specialist register, typically after other conventional treatments have been tried without sufficient success.

Summer Pain Triggers: Why This Season Can Worsen Symptoms

For many in the UK, summer means longer days, more outdoor activity, and a welcome dose of sunshine. But for people living with chronic pain, warmer months can also introduce unique challenges that make symptoms harder to manage.

• Heat and Inflammation: High temperatures can increase swelling in joints and tissues, making arthritis and inflammatory pain flare more often. CBD’s anti-inflammatory properties may help reduce heat-related stiffness and swelling.
• Dehydration: Hot weather and longer days outdoors can quickly lead to dehydration, a common trigger for migraines and muscle cramps. THC and CBD may help by reducing the severity of migraine pain and supporting relaxation while patients rehydrate.
• Increased Activity: Summer invites walking, gardening, and sports. While positive for mental health, extra activity can strain muscles and joints. CBD can ease post-activity inflammation, while THC may help calm acute pain that arises after exertion.
• Sleep Disruption: Longer daylight hours and hotter nights can make falling asleep difficult. Poor sleep often intensifies pain. THC’s sedative qualities and CBD’s calming effects can work together to promote more restorative rest.
• Allergens and Flare-Ups: Pollen levels are highest in summer, which may worsen systemic inflammation for some people, particularly those with autoimmune conditions. CBD’s anti-inflammatory role may help reduce this extra layer of discomfort.

CBD and THC for Arthritis, Neuropathic Pain, and Migraines

The choice between CBD, THC, or a combination often depends on the specific type of pain and individual response.

• Arthritis:
  • CBD: Its strong anti-inflammatory properties can help manage swelling and stiffness.
  • THC: Provides more direct relief for acute pain flares and may improve sleep.
• Neuropathic Pain:
  • THC: Often considered more effective due to direct interaction with CB1 receptors.
  • CBD: Supports by reducing inflammation and easing anxiety or sleep issues.
  • Evidence: A Cochrane review (Mücke et al., 2018) found that cannabis-based medicines probably provide moderate pain relief in some people with neuropathic pain, but effects were modest and side effects more common than with placebo.
• Migraines:
  • THC: May help with acute pain and nausea, and aid in recovery through sleep.
  • CBD: Can reduce inflammation and anxiety that contribute to frequency or severity.
  • Evidence: NICE notes that robust evidence for cannabis in migraines is limited, with most data coming from small or observational studies.

Comparison Table: CBD vs. THC for Pain Relief

Best Cannabis Product Types for Summer Relief

The form of medical cannabis you choose can make a big difference in comfort and effectiveness during warmer months.

• CBD Oils & Tinctures: Easy to use and discreet. Oils are a popular summer option since they don’t require smoking or vaping, which may feel harsh in hot weather.
• Capsules & Softgels: Provide consistent dosing and are convenient for travel. They’re also less affected by temperature changes than oils stored outside.
• Topicals & Balms: Ideal for arthritis or muscle pain, especially in summer when joints are inflamed from extra activity. They act locally without systemic side effects.
• Vaporisers & Inhaled Products: Offer rapid relief for breakthrough pain or migraines. Patients should stay hydrated, as inhalation may feel more dehydrating in hot weather.
• Balanced CBD:THC Products: Available via prescription, these offer flexibility for patients who need both cannabinoids’ benefits. They can be tailored for day vs. night use—CBD-rich for daytime function, THC-rich for sleep.

What Does the Research Say?

• NICE Guidance (2019, reviewed 2025): Concludes that evidence for cannabis-based medicinal products (CBMPs) in chronic pain is weak and uncertain, and they should not be routinely prescribed for chronic primary pain in the NHS (NICE NG144).
• Cochrane Review – Neuropathic Pain (2018): Cannabis-based medicines probably increase the number of patients with meaningful pain relief compared with placebo, but effects were modest and trials short in duration (Mücke et al., 2018).
• Cochrane Review – Cancer Pain (2023): A THC+CBD spray was not significantly more effective than placebo when added to opioids for cancer pain (Häuser et al., 2023).
• British Pain Society & Faculty of Pain Medicine: Stress that CBMPs should not yet be routine for chronic pain due to limited evidence, but ongoing studies may expand future use (BPS Position Statement, 2019).

Important Reminders for UK Patients

• Individual Response Varies: Everyone responds differently to cannabinoids. What works for one patient may not for another.
• Specialist Consultation is Essential: Only a specialist medical cannabis doctor in the UK can assess your needs and prescribe a tailored treatment plan.
• Driving & Travel: Never drive if impaired. Check cannabis laws carefully before travelling abroad.
• Start Low, Go Slow: Begin with a low dose and increase gradually under medical supervision.

FAQs: CBD vs. THC for Pain Relief in Summer

Can I use CBD and THC together for pain?
Yes, many patients benefit from a combination (the entourage effect), which can balance THC’s psychoactivity with CBD’s calming, anti-inflammatory effects.

Why does summer heat make my pain worse?
Heat can increase inflammation, dehydration, and fatigue—all of which intensify pain. Cannabis may help by reducing inflammation, improving sleep, and calming nerves.

What cannabis form works best in summer?
Topicals and oils are often preferred for day use, while capsules or balanced THC products may suit evenings when sleep is a concern.

Is over-the-counter CBD enough for pain relief?
Some patients find relief with shop-bought CBD, but for chronic pain, prescription-grade cannabis products are more reliable and closely regulated.

Can I travel abroad with medical cannabis?
Rules vary widely by country. Always check local laws before travelling with a prescription.

Take Control of Your Summer Pain

Don’t let chronic pain limit your enjoyment of the warmer months. By understanding how CBD and THC work—and how summer can influence your symptoms—you can make more informed decisions about your treatment.

👉 To explore a personalised medical cannabis treatment plan for arthritis, neuropathic pain, or migraines this summer, book a consultation with a specialist medical cannabis clinic in the UK today.

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